Integrators

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An integrator is a device to perform the mathematical operation known as integration, a fundamental operation in calculus.

The integration function is often part of engineering, physics, mechanical, chemical and scientific calculations.

Contents [ 1 Integrator in signal processing 2 Integrator in molecular dynamics 3 See also 4 External links

[] Integrator in signal processing

Electronic devices have been constructed to perform integration (usually with respect to time) of signals. This operation is a form of first-order low-pass filter, which can be performed in the continuous-time (analog) domain or approximated (simulated) in the discrete-time (digital) domain. An integrator will have a low pass filtering effect but when given an offset it will accumulate a value building it until it reaches a limit of the system or overflows.

See also Integrator at op amp applications.

[] Integrator in molecular dynamics

In molecular dynamics, an integrator is a numerical method for integrating trajectories from forces (and thereby accelerations) that are only calculated at discrete time steps. The most basic and least accurate kind of numerical integration is Euler integration. Verlet integration improves the accuracy of the integration to within fourth-order Taylor series terms, and the Runge-Kutta method which is gaining popularity further improves this accuracy to within fifth-order Taylor series terms.