Assuming you have an n-bit binary counter, made of n identical cascaded cells, which hold the corresponding bit value. Each of the binary cells dissipates a power of P units only when it toggles.
You also have an n-bit Gray counter made of n cascaded cells, which dissipates 3P units of power per cell when it toggles.
You now let the counters run through an entire cycle (2^n different values) until they return to their starting position. Which counter burns more power?










